This paper is a product of the Watershed Empowering Citizens programme (2016-2020). The data for this paper was collected during the course of the programme and analysed in January 2021. The paper comprises of two parts, namely – Part 1: Allocations and...

This paper is largely based on research and work conducted in Bangladesh by the Development Organisation for the Urban Poor; in India by the Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability and IRC WASH and in Kenya by the Water Integrity Network/Kenya Water and...

Financial sustainability is central to CSO network organisations’ resilience and effectiveness, and it could potentially affect their legitimacy. It affects both the networks’ viability and the ability to autonomously implement members’ priorities, including...

A budget (derived from old French word baguette, purse) is a quantified financial plan for a forthcoming accounting period. A budget is a financial plan for a defined period of time, usually a year. It may also include planned sales volumes and revenues, resource...

The present paper has analysed the Central Finance Commission and State Finance Commission Grants and budgetary provisioning through Centrally Sponsored Schemes like National Health Mission, Integrated Child Development Services and Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan for WASH...

The discussion paper has used both primary and secondary sources of data. The important sources of budget data in the district are the Annual Financial Statements and the Quarterly Progress Reports of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), National...

This discussion paper has tried to look into the implementation and key recommendations of the Central Finance Commission (CFC) and State Finance Commissions (SFC) focusing on Bihar and Odisha. Section I covers the introduction, objectives, scope and methodology...

This consolidated policy brief puts together the findings of two projects – Watershed – Capacity Building Support for Civil Society Organisations to Leverage Water and Sanitation Programmes in Bihar and Odisha supported by IRC, and Tracking and Analysing...

Citizens have a right to know how the government is raising and using public money. Public money belongs to all of us because it is raised through the taxes we pay. Citizens have a right to know how government funds are being spent, and even ask the government to...

The objective of the paper is to aid the efforts of civil society organisations (CSOs) engaging with the issues of fiscal governance in the water and sanitation (WASH) sector in Odisha. It presents the use of budget tracking in rural water and sanitation (WATSAN)...

The objective of the paper is to aid the efforts of civil society organisations (CSOs) engaging with the issues of fiscal governance in the water and sanitation (WASH) sector in Bihar. It presents the use of budget tracking in rural water and sanitation (WATSAN)...

The Ewaso Ng’iro North Catchment Area (ENNCA) in Laikipia County has limited water availability due to the small volume of existing storage capacity. This is attributed to insufficient investment in dams, pans, farm ponds, and rainwater tanks. Lack of finances and...